Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) affects about 1 in 10 women.

Despite being common, there are still several misconceptions surrounding it. If you suspect you might have PCOS, keep reading to separate fact from fiction.

Fiction: PCOS means you have ovarian cysts.


Fact: The ‘cystic’ part of PCOS isn’t completely accurate.



The term "cysts" in PCOS is misleading. In reality, these are not true cysts, which are fluid-filled sacs but rather follicles in the ovaries. Each follicle contains an egg, and in a regular menstrual cycle, one follicle fully matures and releases an egg (ovulation).

However, in PCOS, hormonal imbalances prevent these follicles from maturing properly. They appear enlarged on an ultrasound and are referred to as "cysts," though they aren’t the same as pathological ovarian cysts.

Fiction: You need cysts to be diagnosed with PCOS.
Fact: You don’t actually have to have cysts to have PCOS.

Despite the name, it’s possible to be diagnosed with PCOS without having cystic ovaries.

PCOS is diagnosed based on the presence of 2 out of 3 criteria:

  • A certain number and size of enlarged follicles on an ultrasound

  • Evidence of hormonal imbalances, such as acne, excess body hair, or thinning scalp hair or high levels of androgens identified through la work

  • Irregular or absent periods

Even if your ultrasound shows normal ovaries, you can still have PCOS if the other criteria are met. Similarly, you can have polycystic ovaries but not PCOS if no other symptoms are present.

Fiction: PCOS means you can’t get pregnant.
Fact: PCOS is not synonymous with infertility.

While PCOS can disrupt ovulation, it does not mean you are infertile. It’s crucial to understand your ovulation patterns, which can be tracked using methods like monitoring body temperature, changes in cervical mucus, or using ovulation test kits. Apps can also help. For those who experience absent ovulation and are trying to conceive, specialist care from a gynaecologist can help stimulate ovulation.

It’s also worth noting that PCOS is not always a lifelong condition. Lifestyle and dietary changes can improve hormone balance, significantly increasing the chances of conception.

Fiction: The best way to manage PCOS is to lose weight.

Fact: Weight loss is not the only dietary solution.

Dietary recommendations for PCOS often go beyond just weight loss. PCOS involves insulin resistance, where the body doesn’t use insulin efficiently, leading to weight gain and an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes.


However, PCOS is more about body fat percentage than BMI, and it’s possible to have PCOS with a normal or low BMI. The focus should be on a healthy, sustainable diet—rich in high-fibre, low-sugar foods and healthy fats like Omega-3—rather than just cutting calories.

Personalised nutrition advice from a healthcare professional is ideal. In some cases, complementary approaches, such as those from Chinese or Ayurvedic medicine, can be explored.

Fiction: Everyone with PCOS experiences the same symptoms.
Fact: PCOS symptoms can vary widely based on ethnicity and individual factors.


Ethnicity can influence what’s considered 'normal' for reproductive health. For example, women from certain ethnic backgrounds may naturally have higher testosterone levels, leading to symptoms like excess body hair and insulin resistance, which can vary, affecting the risk of Type 2 diabetes.

If you suspect PCOS but are told your symptoms fall within a 'normal' range, it’s worth asking if your ethnic background should be considered when interpreting your results.

Don’t settle until you have all your facts!

If you think you might have PCOS, don’t hesitate to seek help. With the right support and tools, this diagnosis doesn’t have to dictate your reproductive health or overall well-being.

 PCOS is complex, but there are many treatment options available, and it’s about finding what works for you. Remember, 'just lose weight' is often an oversimplification—your care should be as unique as you are.

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Disclaimer: The information provided on this website is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The content is based on personal experience and research, and while we strive for accuracy, it is not guaranteed to be free of errors. Reliance on any information provided on this website is solely at your own risk.